The science of geology enables us to understand the history of the Earth and the life it supports. The geological record encompasses almost four billion years of history and reveals how life has evolved, how continents have drifted, how climates and sea-levels have changed and how natural processes have shaped the landscape.

Geological knowledge is not only important in itself, but it also has several vital practical applications. Geology is fundamental in finding and sustainably utilising natural resources, such as the petroleum, metal and stone, which underpin modern civilisation and its technologies. Geological knowledge is also vital in understanding the potential future impacts of climate change and associated environmental hazards. Another important application of geology is in the prediction of natural hazards, such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, which can have disastrous consequences for humanity if left unmonitored.